Immigration has always presented significant challenges. Despite innovations in information technology, embarking on a new life in a foreign country remains a considerable endeavour. The availability of information does not invariably guarantee a smooth transition, and the complexities of assimilating into a new culture, language, and social milieu can be daunting. Another essential element is interpersonal relationships. Navigating human interactions constitutes a complex philosophical undertaking, and when individuals from varied backgrounds converge in a new environment, differing opinions and perspectives inevitably give rise to tensions. Although established Chinese immigrants, British-born Chinese, and newly arrived Hong Kongers share a common heritage, their distinctive values and backgrounds can result in formidable challenges. How are these difficulties being addressed?

Why are Hong Kongers moving to the UK?

The recent influx of individuals from Hong Kong to the United Kingdom under the British National (Overseas) visa scheme has elicited a variety of responses throughout Britain. However, what are the opinions of established members of the Chinese community in the UK? We engaged in discussions with three individuals: Jimmy, a seasoned immigrant from the original wave of Chinese migration; Ken, a second-generation British-born Chinese; and Steven and Lily, a newly arrived couple from Hong Kong. These conversations aim to illuminate their perspectives regarding this evolving chapter in British-Chinese history.

Jimmy: A Welcoming Embrace, Tempered by Hardship

Jimmy, a long-standing member of the older Chinese immigrant community in the United Kingdom, perceives the arrival of immigrants from Hong Kong primarily through a personal lens. His narrative commences in the 1960s, a period during which citizens of the UK and its Colonies (CUKC) could settle in Britain without restriction. “I identify as both Chinese and Hongkonger,” he states, “but to be candid, I find myself somewhat disconnected from current developments in China and Hong Kong. The initial phase of my life here was quite challenging; I lacked the capacity to concern myself with issues pertaining to China. The experiences in both the UK and Hong Kong during that era were far from easy.” The realities of immigrant life in the UK – such as encountering discrimination, labouring extensively in often menial positions, and striving to establish a stable presence – left scant opportunity for contemplation of remote political occurrences.

When inquired about the holders of the BNO visa, Jimmy’s response is notably positive. “Many of my relatives have come over thanks to the BNO visa,” he explains. “For me, it’s beneficial to have family here. Previously, only the most disadvantaged villagers migrated to the UK. They lacked a support system. Now, with families arriving, Hong Kongers are able to support one another and cultivate a more robust community.”

Ken: A Skeptical Outlook Shaped by Hong Kong’s Golden Age

How do British-born Chinese view Hong Kong immigrants? Perspectives from  British-born Chinese (BBC)

Ken, a British-born Chinese individual, presents a critical perspective due to his upbringing in the United Kingdom. His formative years were characterised by Hong Kong’s economic boom, a time when the city was recognised as a global powerhouse. “I don’t understand why some Hong Kongers are moving here,” he expresses. “I have relatives who were professionals in Hong Kong. Currently, they are earning significantly less in the United Kingdom. They used to travel to Japan and Australia five or six times annually and employed domestic helpers. Unless one has children and prioritises education, it appears to be an irrational choice.” For Ken, Hong Kong is still perceived as a land of opportunity and wealth.

The concept of identity presents a multifaceted challenge for Ken. “Growing up, I had a hard time at school,” he states. “I didn’t want to admit I was Chinese. Now, I regret not learning Chinese properly.” While acknowledging his Chinese heritage, he underscores his British identity. “When I visited Hong Kong as a child, no one perceived me as Chinese or a Hongkonger. They merely regarded me as a foreigner, which was disheartening.” He recognizes the difficulties faced by newcomers in assimilating into British society and asserts the necessity for them to take initiative in cultivating relationships.

Steven and Lily: Witnessing the Erosion of Freedom
Challenges facing Hong Kong immigrants in the UK

For Steven, the decision to leave Hong Kong was prompted by a diminishing trust in the government. He and Lily observed firsthand the city’s transformation from a vibrant, semi-autonomous region to a locale where dissent was repressed. “I hope to start anew in the UK,” he states. “The events of 2019 can never be forgotten.” His wife, Lily, who relocated to Hong Kong from mainland China in 2015, provides a unique perspective. Initially doubtful of the protests, her opinion evolved after witnessing police violence firsthand. “Hong Kong allowed me to experience democracy and freedom,” she articulates. “Before the crackdown, it was akin to being a child who had never visited a park. Suddenly, you are introduced to all these remarkable experiences, only to be told that you can never return and that your response must be affirmative. It is devastating.” They have experienced the freedoms of Hong Kong, observed their systematic erosion, and felt a compelling need to depart.

Notwithstanding the possibility of transitioning to blue-collar employment, Lily expresses no regrets regarding her departure from Hong Kong. A recent visit illuminated the city’s transformations. “Everywhere, even in Tsim Sha Tsui, I heard Mandarin and English, but seldom Cantonese.” The dependence on foreign labor within the restaurant sector further reinforced her decision. “If I had remained, I might have been supplanted by a foreign worker.”

For Lily, the significance of freedom and democracy is of utmost importance. “In my hometown, individuals are aware of the actions undertaken by the Communist Party, yet they are unable to voice their opinions. In Hong Kong, I could initially convey my thoughts freely; however, that became increasingly unattainable. In the United Kingdom, I highly value the capacity to critique the government at any time.”

Analyzing the Divergence of Values

The perspectives of Jimmy, Ken, Steven, and Lily reflect their distinct experiences and historical contexts. Jimmy’s generation, which has been shaped by the challenges associated with early immigration and focused primarily on survival, tends to prioritize familial connections and community support over political ideals. Their affiliations with Hong Kong and China are frequently characterised as more sentimental than political. Conversely, Ken’s generation grew up in a flourishing Hong Kong; however, they may have encountered cultural alienation after relocating to the UK. They tend to appraise their former city through the lens of economic opportunity and often contemplate the motives underlying their migration. This generation frequently grapples with issues of identity, feeling ensnared between British and Chinese cultures. In contrast, Steven and Lily’s generation, having observed the erosion of freedoms in Hong Kong, places significant emphasis on democracy and individual liberties. Their decision to emigrate is predominantly motivated by a desire to escape political repression and pursue a more promising future for themselves and their children.These divergent values underscore the intricate relationship between diaspora communities and their homelands. Each generation cultivates its own comprehension based on personal experiences and the historical events that have influenced their lives.

Impact of Hong Kong emigration on UK Chinese community

The experiences of Jimmy, Ken, Steven, and Lily illuminate the multifaceted impact of Hong Kong’s emigration on the Chinese community in the United Kingdom. While older generations provide support and younger generations express concerns, the new arrivals bring with them a fervent aspiration for freedom and a commitment to establish a new life in Britain. It is imperative for the British National Overseas (BNO) Hong Kongers to refrain from expecting that the established Chinese immigrants and British-born Chinese individuals possess a comprehensive awareness of the events occurring in Hong Kong and China. The world is expansive, and each individual navigates their own lives and responsibilities. It is unjust to critique them for any perceived lack of awareness. Furthermore, it is essential to recognise that not everyone possesses the ability to choose a side or articulate their views freely. Shared political perspectives do not inherently signify friendship, and divergent opinions do not necessarily render someone an adversary. Only time will reveal how these varying perspectives will influence the future of the British-Chinese community and its relations with both Britain and China.